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1. Module Introduction
2. Basic Objects in the Universe
3. Scale of the Cosmos
4. The Constellations
5. Other Patterns
6. Module Introduction
7. The Study of Science
8. What Time Is It?
9. Ancient Observations
10. Contributions to Science
11. The Wanderers
12. Claudius Ptolemy
13. Astronomy and Astrology
14. The Birth of Modern Astronomy
15. Observations of Motion: Brahe, Kepler, and Galilei
16. Observations of the Heavens: Galileo
17. The Mathematical Finish: Newton
18. Module Introduction
19. Motions of Objects
20. Our Night Sky
21. The Sun and the Moon
22. Seasons and Seasonal Changes
23. The Moon in our Skies
24. Eclipses
25. Module Introduction
26. Looking at a rainbow, what do you see?
27. Thermal Radiation
28. The Electromagnetic Spectrum
29. Spectra
30. Moving Objects, Spectra, and the Doppler Effect
31. Module Introduction
32. The Telescope
33. Early Telescopes
34. Telescopic Observations
35. Telescope Optical Types
36. Telescope Mounts
37. Images from the Telescope
38. Space-Based Telescopes
39. Light Pollution
40. Space-based Telescope
41. Hubble Space Telescope
42. Module Introduction
43. Our Solar System
44. The Nebular Theory
45. What is a Planet?
46. The Nebular Theory: Other Important Evidence
47. The Nebular Theory: Proplyds
48. Systems and Extrasolar Planets
49. The Discovery of Extrasolar Planets
50. The Kepler Mission
51. What We Have Learned about Stellar Systems and Extrasolar Planets?
52. The Circumstellar Habitable Zone
53. Some Interesting Exoplanets
54. Extrasolar Planets
55. Module Introduction
56. What do you think?
57. Comparing Planets
58. Rocky Planets
59. Craters
60. Planet Mercury
61. Planet Venus
62. Planet Earth
63. Earth’s Moon
64. Planet Mars
65. Snow on Mars
66. A Martian Controversy
67. Martian Moons
68. Characteristics of the Solar System’s Rocky Planets
69. Module Introduction
70. What do you think?
71. Gas Giant Planets
72. Rings
73. Planet Jupiter
74. Jupiter’s Satellites
75. Planet Saturn
76. Saturn’s Rings
77. Saturn’s Satellites
78. Planet Uranus
79. Planet Neptune
80. Gas Giant Planets and Select Satellites Overviews
81. Module Introduction
82. What do you think?
83. Minor Bodies
84. Asteroids
85. Brightest Asteroids Visible from Earth
86. Asteroid Classification
87. Meteoroids, Meteors, and Meteorites
88. Meteorites
89. The Impact of Meteorites
90. Comets
91. Comet Characteristics
92. Images of Comets
93. Comets in History
94. Scientific Advances
95. Halley’s Comet
96. A Comet Impacts a Planet
97. The Centaurs: Are they Asteroids or Comets?
98. Pluto
99. Eris
100. Trans-Neptunian objects, the Kuiper Belt, and the Oort Cloud
101. The Oort Cloud and Kuiper Belt
102. Module Introduction
103. What do you think?
104. Fission and Fusion
105. Our Star, the Sun
106. How the Sun Works
107. A “Quick Guide” to Solar Fusion—The Proton-Proton Cycle
108. Solar Regions
109. Major Solar Features
110. Studying the Sun
111. The Dark Side of the Sun
112. The National Solar Observatory
113. NASA’s Heliophysics Science Division
114. Module Introduction
115. The Unknown in Astronomy
116. Star and Celestial Object Characteristics
117. Distances to the Stars and other Celestial Objects
118. Stellar Distances
119. Everything is Moving
120. How Close are the Close-by Stars?
121. Light-Years
122. Parsec Vs. Light-Year Measurement
123. Stellar and Celestial Object Brightness
124. Magnitude System
125. Celestial cartography
126. Planispheres
127. Star Colors
128. Spectral Type
129. Sample Spectral Types
130. The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
131. The Four Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram Stellar Groups
132. Types of Star Systems and Stars
133. Variable Stars
134. Cepheids
135. Cataclysmic Variables
136. Star Clusters
137. Consider this…
138. Module Introduction
139. Star Life
140. Stellar Birth
141. Stellar Mass
142. Stellar Evolution
143. Low-Mass Stars
144. White Dwarf
145. Planetary Nebula
146. White Dwarfs and Neighbors
147. Nova, Novae, and Supernova
148. High-Mass Stars
149. Neutron stars
150. Neutron Star and Companion Star Scenario
151. High-Mass Star Stellar Endings
152. Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs)
153. Module Introduction
154. What do you think?
155. Galaxies
156. The History of Studying Galaxies
157. Hubble’s Major Contributions
158. Hubble’s Law
159. Classification of Galaxies
160. Elliptical Galaxies
161. Spiral Galaxies
162. Irregular Galaxies
163. Active Galaxies
164. Quasar-stellar Objects
165. Blazars: Quasar-like Object
166. Galaxies, Distance, and Age
167. The Ages of Galaxies and What that Reveals
168. Galactic Groups
169. Dark Matter
170. WIMPs and String Theory
171. Gravitational Lensing
172. Module Introduction
173. What do you think?
174. The Milky Way — Our Home Galaxy
175. Milky Way Galaxy Satellites
176. Milky Way Galaxy Research
177. Galileo Galilei, First to See the Milky Way Galaxy
178. The Milky Way Galaxy’s Shape
179. Andromeda Galaxy
180. X-Ray and Gamma-Ray of the Milky Way Galaxy
181. Earth’s Position within the Milky Way Galaxy
182. A Spinning Spiral
183. Module Introduction
184. What do you think?
185. In the beginning…
186. Physical Cosmology
187. The Big Bang in Eras
188. The Planck Era
189. Big Bang Evidence
190. Recent Data on the Universe
191. Issues with the Big Bang
192. Beyond the Big Bang
193. What is Next for the Big Bang Theory?
194. Questions Regarding the Eventual Fate of the Universe
195. Religious or Philosophical Cosmology
196. Views on Creation
197. Request Access
198. I Need Help
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